One of the most interesting and beloved in the people kinokomediografov - rightly considered Leonid Gayday. It is interesting that his creative path began with failures - his three first films were smashed by the critics, and the people did not find a big love. And for that he even almost left the movie. But then success came. And he began with a short film "The Dog Barbos and the unusual cross."
The idea of this film came to him in the village of Glazkovo, which is now one of the districts of Irkutsk. Gaidai's parents lived there, and after his failures, he left for them on a so-called creative holiday. It was there, leafing through the filings of old newspapers stored in the attic, he came across the verse of Stepan Oleinik's "Two Nicholas and Gavrila," which was reprinted by Pravda from Pepper magazine. After reading it, Gaidai recalled another story he had read before - "Charged dog" by Henry Lawson
It was these two literary sources that became the basis for Gaidai's first success (and not the American comedies The Lucky Dog and The Rogue Song, as it has now become fashionable to scream because of all angles).
And also, thanks to this film, the most famous trio appeared in our cinema - Coward, Balles, Experienced, brilliantly played by Georgi Vitsin, Yuri Nikulin and Yevgeny Morgunov. The popularity of these characters was colossal. And still Gaidai's films with their participation are watched by spectators with pleasure
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But let us return to Gaidai. The new comedy short film had a tremendous success. And not only in our country - the film was bought by more than 100 countries (and note, no one said about plagiarism)
On the wave of success, Gaydai shoots the second film with the same participants - "The Moonshiners", on the plot proposed by Yuri Nikulin
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In the same year, another Gaidai film was released, which in fact consisted of 3 shorts based on O. Henry's stories "Business People". I do not know about you, but for me this is the best adaptation of the American classic in the world cinema
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Well, with his next film, Leonid Iovich proved to everyone that he is an outstanding master of eccentric comedy. In 1965 on the screens there was a film "Operation" Y "and other adventures of Shurik". What is characteristic, again 3 shorts - Gaidai for a full meter until I could not make up my mind. The plot was proposed by two writers - Maurice Slobodsky and Yakov Kostyukovsky. The working script, which was called at the beginning "Non-serious stories", was finally made in a couple of months. It consisted of two novellas about a student Vladik Arkov (or Arykov, as already, apparently, no one remembers). The first is the story suggested by Slobodsky and Kostyukovsky about the re-education of the parasite, the second one - peeped by Gaydai in a Polish magazine about love during the session. The script was approved, but the writers were given the task to add to it a third novel, in which it was simply necessary to punch the new triad hero with the trio, Trus, Bulbes and Byvalym, who liked the audience. In general, the story of the shooting of this film is a separate big post. If interested, read - How to shoot "Operation" Y "and other adventures Shurik." You will learn how Vladik became Shurik, who in the film could play Vladimir Vysotsky and many other interesting details.
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The success of the new film was colossal. The film became the leader of the rental in 1965 - in that year it was watched by almost 70 million viewers. After such a reception of the new comedy by the spectator, the direction of Mosfilm gives Gaidai almost the orderly order to shoot the sequel (the sequel, as they say right now), despite the fact that Gaidai himself considered the story of Shurik exhausted. And the famous trinity so even more so. But you can not argue with the leadership, and in the middle of the summer a scenario was accepted for the new comedy "Shurik in the Mountains", consisting this time of two novels. But in the process of working on the script from the second novella decided to refuse and expand the first to a full film - the first successful full-length Gaidai. About the shooting of this film, you can safely shoot your movie. That there is only a story with the choice of actress for the main role, when in her search was made several hundred photographic tests (some of which I showed you in the post Nina from the "Caucasian captive." Photo test).
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But we are not talking about this now
It was a triumph! Not even so. TRIUMPH!!!!! 76.5 million viewers in the first year of hire. What should you do with such success? Correctly - "to forge the iron without leaving the cash desk". And the story was invented very quickly to continue the favorite story. The action of the new film was decided to be transferred to prison, which included Coward, Balbes, Experienced and Comrade Saakhov. But…
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In Goskino decided that humor in "places not so distant" and cinema things incompatible (Danelia and Gray in a few years completely break this short-sighted phrase with their "Gentlemen of Fortune"). And Gaidai was already bored with his brand-name trinity
As a result, Gaidai had to look for a new idea for the film. And he decided to turn again to literature - "12 chairs", that's what no one else has filmed. But when he came with this idea in the State Committee, he was told that he was late - Schweitzer is already working on the Golden Calf and we must wait for what will come of it.
Here, his longtime friends Slobodskaya and Kostyukovka offered him his new script called Smuggler, whose idea prompted them a series of notes in the newspaper Pravda on combating smugglers. Gaidai jumped at the idea and in early March 1967, "Mosfilm" received an application for a script in which a common citizen from the USSR on a foreign tour mistakenly hides jewels in a plaster cast. The screenwriters suggested that Gaidai, as negative characters, use already untwisted Trus, Bulbes and Experienced, but heard a categorical "NO" - he decided to make Nikulin as the main positive character, and Vitsin to give the role of Kozadoyev. About the participation in the project Morgunov, it did not even go - after the quarrel on the shooting of the "Caucasian captive" their tracks finally parted. True, Georgy Mikhailovich did not pass the test (as did Valery Nosik, Rudolf Rudin, Mikhail Pugovkin). A charming grief-smuggler was destined to become Andrei Mironov (read more about this and other facts in his post. How to make the comedy "The Diamond Arm").
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After the release of the comedy on the screens, in the fact that Gaydai became one of the main comediographers of Soviet cinema, no one doubted. His films at the studio were included in the plan before the completion of work on them (and it happened before the beginning). But the director did not leave the idea of the adaptation of Ilf and Petrov - "12 chairs" was the director's desk book. But only here he was again disappointed - while he was working on the "Diamond Hand", the permission to shoot the "Chairs" was given to another comedian - George Danelia. But there could not have been without providence - Danelia, on the pretext that he "burned out", refused to shoot the film in favor of Gaidai. And he selflessly rushed to work on the "dream film". The choice of the main character from a couple of hundred candidates, the search for suitable chairs and many other stories from the shooting - a topic for a separate post (Photos of the role of Ostap Bender in L. Gaidai's comedy "12 chairs"). The main result. And he, by the way, is ambiguous. Disputes about whether success is Gaidai or failure, whether Bender from Gomiashvili turned out or not, does not abate so far
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But we will continue. Having completed work on the "Chairs", Gaidai began to seek literary material for the next comedy. At this time, he watched the play "Ivan Vasilyevich" based on Bulgakov's play in the theater actor's theater. And although the production did not really appeal to him, he had no other ideas at that time. And he decided to adapt the play to the cinema, taking as a co-author scenarios of his neighbor - the writer of the satirist Vladlen Bahnov. The script was written under Nikulin - it was Gaidai who saw him as the Tsar Ivan the Terrible and the Governor of Bunshi. Only Nikulin refused to shoot because he decided that the film would not pass censorship. Gaidai could not convince the actor. Who eventually played the king you all know very well (and who was auditioning, you can find out in the post Who could play Ivan the Terrible in the film "Ivan Vasilievich is changing his profession." As you know, what success was the film Nikulin made a mistake.
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"Ivan Vasilyevich" has not yet been released, and Gaidai has a new idea - another screen version. This time the stories of Mikhail Zoshchenko. In this film, he decided to return to his favorite genre - short novels. In the film "The Secret Covered with Varnish" (such a working title was in the film), he, like in "Ivan Vasilievich," decided to transfer the heroes of Zoshchenko to the present, in the 70's. But he was dissuaded, convinced that it was better to shoot a movie about abstract philistines left in the past.
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This film, to the greatest regret, can be called the last successful work of Gaidai. Films that he shot later, you can call if not a failure, then strong middling. No, they still took the cashier - people loved the comedy Gaidai. But this, rather, by inertia, according to previous merits
Sources ... ] Sources
www.leonid-gaidai.ru/
www.mosfilm.ru/news/?ELEMENT_ID=1647
www.kinodog.ru/kino/rasskazi/pes_barbos.h tml
www.famousfix.com
www.feldgrau.info/2010-09-02-14-39-07/15 50-2011-03-26-09-51-35
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